Summary of ASI Report on Ayodhya excavations

[Below is reproduced the "Summary of Results" of the Archaeological Survey of India report on the Ayodhya excavations. This is contained in Volume 18 (pages 4299 to 4305) of Justice Sudhir Agarwal's judgment in the Allahabad High Court case on the Ayodhya dispute]

"Summary of Results":

"Excavation at the disputed site of Rama

Janmabhumi - Babri Masjid was carried out by the

Archaeological Survey of India from 12 March 2003 to 7

August 2003. During this period, as per the directions of

the Hon'ble High Court, Lucknow, 82 trenches were

excavated to verify the anomalies mentioned in the report

of the Ground Penetrating Radar Survey which was

conducted at the site prior to taking up the excavations. A

total number of 82 trenches along with some of their baulks

were checked for anomalies and anomaly alignments. The

anomalies were confirmed in the trenches in the form of

pillar bases, structures, floors and foundation though no

such remains were noticed in some of them at the stipulated

depths and spots. Besides the 82 trenches, a few more

making a total of 90 finally were also excavated keeping in

view the objective fixed by the Hon'ble High Court to

confirm the structures.

The results of the excavation are summarized as here

under:

The northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) using

people were the first to occupy the disputed site at

Ayodhya. During the first millennium B.C. although no

structural activities were encountered in the limited area

probed, the material culture is represented by terracotta

figurines of female deities showing archaic features, beads

of terracotta and glass, wheels and fragments of votive

tanks etc. The ceramic industry has the collection of

NBPW, the main diagnostic trait of the period besides the

grey, black slipped and red wares. A round signet with

legend in Asokan Brahmi is another important find of this

level. On the basis of material equipment and 14 C dates,

this period may be assigned to circa 1000 B.C. to 300 B.C.

The Sunga horizon (second-first century B.C.) comes

next in the order of the cultural occupation at the site. The

typical terracotta mother goddess, human and animal

figurines, beads, hairpin, engraver etc. represent the

cultural matrix of this level. The pottery collection includes

black slipped, red and grey wares etc. The stone and brick

structure found from this level mark the beginning of the

structural activity at the site.

The Kushan period (first to third century A.D.)

followed the Sunga occupation. Terracotta human and

animal figurines, fragments of votive tanks, beads,

antimony rod, hair pin, bangle fragments and ceramic

industry comprising red ware represent the typical Kushan

occupation at the site. Another important feature of this

period is the creation of large sized structures as witnesses

by the massive structure running into twenty-two courses.

The advent of Guptas (fourth to sixth century A.D.)

did not bring any qualitative change in building activity

although the period is known for its Classical artistic

elements. However, this aspect is represented by the typical

terracotta figurines and a copper coin with the legend Sri

Chandra (Gupta) and illustrative potsherds.

During the Post-Gupta-Rajput period (seventh to

tenth century A.D.), too the site has witnessed structural

activity mainly constructed of burnt bricks. However,

among the exposed structures, there stands a circular brick

shrine which speaks of its functional utility for the first

time. To recapitulate quickly, exteriorly on plan, it is

circular whereas internally squarish with an entrance from

the east. Though the structure is damaged, the northern

wall still retains a provision for pranala, i.e., waterchute

which is a distinct feature of contemporary temples already

known from the Ganga-Yamuna plain.

Subsequently, during the early medieval period

(eleventh - twelfth century A.D.) a huge structure, nearly 50

m in north-south orientation was constructed which seems

to have been short lived, as only four of the fifty pillar

bases exposed during the excavation belong to this level

with a brick crush floor. On the remains of the above

structure was constructed a massive structure with at least

three structural phases and three successive floors attached

with it. The architectural members of the earlier short lived

massive structure with stencil cut foliage pattern. And other

decorative motifs were reused in the construction of the

monumental structure having a huge pillared hall (or two

halls) which is different from residential structures,

providing sufficient evidence of a construction of public

usage which remained under existence for a long time

during the period VII (Medieval-Sultanate level - twelfth to

sixteenth century A.D.) It was over the top of this

construction during the early sixteenth century, the

disputed structure was constructed directly resting over it.

There is sufficient proof of existence of a massive and

monumental structure having a minimum dimension of

50x30 m in north-south and east-west directions

respectively just below the disputed structure. In course of

present excavations nearly 50 pillar bases with brick bat

foundation, below calcrete blocks topped by sandstone

blocks were found. The pillar bases exposed during the

present excavation in northern and southern areas also

give an idea of the length of the massive wall of the earlier

construction with which they are associated and which

might have been originally around 60 m (of which the 50 m

length is available at present). The centre of the central

chamber of the disputed structure falls just over the central

point of the length of the massive wall of the preceding

period which could not be excavated due to presence of

Ram Lala at the spot in the make-shift structure. This area

is roughly 15x15 m on the raised platform. Towards east of

this central point a circular depression with projection on

the west, cut into the large sized brick pavement, signify the

place where some important object was placed. Terracotta

lamps from the various trenches and found in a group in

the levels of Periods VII in trench G2 are associated with

the structural phase.

In the last phase of the period VII glazed ware sherds

make their appearance and continue in the succeeding

levels of the next periods where they are accompanied by

glazed tiles which were probably used in the original

construction of the disputed structure. Similarly is the case

of celadon and porcelain sherds recovered in a very less

quantity they come from the secondary context. Animal

bones have been recovered from various levels of different

periods, but skeletal remains noticed in the trenches in

northern and southern areas belong to the Period IX as the

grave pits have been found cut into the deposition coeval

with the late disputed structures and are sealed by the top

deposit.

It is worthwhile to observe that the various structures

exposed right from the Sunga to Gupta period do not speak

either about their nature or functional utility as no

evidence has come to approbate them. Another noteworthy

feature is that it was only during and after Period IV

(Gupta level) onwards upto Period IX (late and post

Mughal level) that the regular habitational deposits

disappear in the concerned levels and the structural phases

are associated with either structural debris or filling

material taken out from the adjoining area to the level the

ground for construction purpose. As a result of which much

of the earlier material in the form of pottery, terracottas

and other objects of preceding periods, particularly of

Period I (NBPW level) and Period III (Kushan level) are

found in the deposits of later periods mixed along with

their contemporary material. The area below the disputed

site thus, remained a place for public use for a long time

till the Period VIII (Mughal level) when the disputed

structure was built which was confined to a limited area

and population settled around it as evidenced by the

increase in contemporary archaeological material

including pottery. The same is further attested by the

conspicuous absence of habitational structures such as

house-complexes, soakage pits, soakage jars, ring wells,

drains, wells, hearths, kilns or furnaces etc. from Period IV

(Gupta level) onwards and in particular from Period VI

(Early Medieval-Rajput level) and Period VII (Medieval-

Sultanate level).

The site has also proved to be significant for taking

back its antiquarian remains for the first time to the middle

of the thirteenth century B.C. (1250±130 B.C.) on the

analogy of the C14 dates. The lowest deposit above the

natural soil represents the NBPW period and therefore the

earliest remains may belong to the thirteenth century B.C.

which is confirmed by two more consistent C14 dates from

the NBPW level (Period I), viz. (910±100 B.C.) These dates

are from trench G7. Four more dates from the upper

deposit though showing presence of NPBW and associated

pottery are determined by Radio-Carbon dating as 780±80

B.C., 530±70 B.C. And 320±80 B.C.. In the light of the

above dates in association with the Northern Black

Polished Ware (NBPW) which is generally accepted to be

between circa 600 B.C. to 300 B.C. it can be pushed back

to circa 1000 B.C. and even if a solitary date, three

centuries earlier is not associated with NBPW, the human

activity at the site dates back to circa thirteenth century

B.C. on the basis of the scientific dating method providing

the only archaeological evidence of such an early date of

the occupation of the site.

The Hon'ble High Court, in order to get sufficient

archaeological evidence on the issue involved "whether

there was any temple/structure which was demolished and

mosque was constructed on the disputed site "as stated on

page 1 and further on p.5 of their order dated 5 march

2003, had given directions to the Archaeological Survey of

India to excavate at the disputed site where the GPR

Survey has suggested evidence of anomalies which could

be structure, pillars, foundation walls, slab flooring etc.

which could be confirmed by excavation. Now, viewing in

totality and taking into account the archaeological

evidence of a massive structure just below the disputed

structure and evidence of continuity in structural phases

from the tenth century onwards upto the construction of the

disputed structure alongwith the yield of stone and

decorated bricks as well as mutilated sculpture of divine

couple and carved architectural members including foliage

patterns, amalaka, kapotapali doorjamb with semi-circular

pilaster, broken octagonal shaft of black schist pillar, lotus

motif, circular shrine having pranala (waterchute) in the

north, fifty pillar bases in association of the huge structure,

are indicative of remains which are distinctive features

found associated with the temples of north India."

Ayodhya -An Authentic Decision !!!

The most significant feature of the much-awaited Allahabad High Court verdict is that it has overturned the only other judgment of the Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid dispute: a Faizabad district court verdict of 1886. At that time, confronted by litigation that arose from Hindu-Muslim tension over the issue, district judge FEA Chamier ruled in March 1886: "It is most unfortunate that a Masjid should have been built on land specially held sacred by the Hindus, but as that occurred 356 years ago, it is too late to remedy the grievance."




It's a day the country has waited for months, years, why even a generation. And when it finally came, it turned out to be one that is truly secular in character. While seeking to settle the issue once and for all, the honorable judges have decreed that Lord Ram was indeed born at that particular spot and that it should be handed over to the Hindus. But at the same time, the court kept open the issue of ownership of the place.




On Thursday afternoon, a majority decision of a the three-bench court disagreed with the fundamental premise of Chamier. It held that because the Babri structure was built after demolishing a pre-existing Hindu temple in 1528, it couldn't really be regarded as a legitimate mosque, at least theologically. As such, it had absolutely no hesitation in endorsing the belief among large numbers of Hindus in the Awadh region that the disputed site was indeed the rightful inheritance of Ram bhakts. The High Court said that, ideally, the 70 acres of so of disputed property should be split three ways but that the Ram lalla (child Ram) idol should be allowed to remain at the site of what was earlier the central dome of the Babri Masjid.
The unambiguous verdict of the High Court was, to say the least, unexpected. Till Wednesday evening, the so-called secular forces and the Muslim leadership were insisting that the verdict would establish the majesty of the Constitution and the highlight the non-negotiable nature of the rule of law.





After the verdict, their enthusiasm is distinctly less pronounced. It has been suggested that the verdict is a tacit legitimization of both the installation of the idols inside the Babri Masjid in December 1949 and its dramatic demolition 43 years later. If the Babri structure was a non-mosque since its construction in 1528, the crime of the kar sevaks was the desecration of a medieval monument and not a place of worship.





Undoubtedly, this interpretation of the dispute is going to be contested in the Supreme Court. That a section of the Muslim community is unhappy with the judgment is obvious. But far more significant than that is the fury with which the judgment has been greeted by the secular modernists. Apart from contesting everything that the "eminent historians" have been suggesting about Ram being born in Afghanistan or somewhere else and about the Babri structure having been built on vacant rock, the judges have attached greater weight to the Archaeological Survey of India report and to the weight of local tradition.





As for the Congress party, it was deeply apprehensive of what the judgment might be. They must be happy now as the BJP does not get to use the Ram Temple issue in future electoral contests to polarize the voters. The most immediate impact of this would be in the campaign for the Bihar elections.





But I am a bit disappointed by the statement of Zafaryab Jilani that he intends to appeal against the judgment in the Supreme Court. No question that he has every right to go to the higher court but i think Muslims as a community should realize that this is the rarest moment in the history of Free India and they will present a really historical example by accepting the decision as it is. History does give us rare moments to rise above the level and set the example for future generations. If they decide not to appeal, it will really be the greatest and proudest moment for all those who have strong belief in secularism and Sarva Dharma Sam Bhav.
This affords political parties the opportunity to fight for the transfer of the land for the construction of the temple and the mosque, thereby opening up a new issue even as it settled one. The judgment is a step forward but a very small one and it is difficult to predict now the complications that lie ahead. Yet it was gratifying to note that the rabble-rousers on either side were conspicuous by their absence.





There are no doubt maximalists on both sides who seek total victory for themselves and a total defeat for their adversaries. The Vishwa Hindu Parishad has many such elements in its leadership. Its demand, made only a few days before the verdict, that Hindus must have unhindered possession of all 70 acres of the disputed site and that no mosque should be located within the municipal limits of Ayodhya, suggest an astonishing degree of narrow mindedness which is dangerous for the country. If these bigoted elements start interpreting the verdict according to their convenience, it will be only a matter of time before the whole atmosphere of India is vitiated and the Hindus lose the moral advantage they have at present.





It is important that quick steps are taken to allay all the misgivings of those who see themselves as the defeated side. There will be enough politicians and general busybodies who will suggest that the High Court verdict has menacing implications for all minorities—quite forgetting that the Places of Worship Act of 1991 make it impossible for an Ayodhya-type dispute to emerge in the future. There will be appeals to Muslim victimhood and the sinister suggestion that the community can never expect justice from a biased Hindu-dominated judiciary.
For the Hindus, the High Court verdict was a significant victory. Statesmanship demands that it shouldn't also be translated as a landmark Muslim defeat. The High Court verdict on Ayodhya should end a very troubled chapter of India's history and not initiate a new discord.





For me the most important fact has been the peaceful, mature reaction of the people of India. They have risen above the nightmares of the past and taken a historic stride towards our dreams for the future.But on 30th of September 2010 India proved to itself that as a society, as a democracy and as a grouping of ethnic diversity, it has reached that point where the anfractuosities of its blood-splattered history can be straightened by the obvious apathy of goal-oriented, forward-looking, self-centred young India of today and tomorrow.It is important to note that the judgement will come into force only after three months and the Centre will continue to hold the property as Receiver.It is a transparent and clear verdict over a 60-year-old complicated case. Now, it is up to the people of India to make the best of this historic verdict for peaceful coexistence. For me the most important fact has been the peaceful, mature reaction of the people of India. They have risen above the nightmares of the past and taken a historic stride towards our dreams for the future.


PRATEEK PATHAK
Student
B.A in Media Studies
www.pathakprateek.blogspot.com , www.prateekallahabad.blogspot.com

Kashmir:A Satirical Issue

Seeing the present situation i can undoubtedly say that Prime minister Dr Manmohan Singh, home minister P. Chidambaram and Jammu and Kashmir chief minister Omar Abdullah are in a cockpit, so control things. They are together playing a very dangerous game. After the unfortunate deaths of over 84 people in J&K in the recent spate of violence, the trio instead of going after the perpetrators of the violence are trying to deflect the issue to the armed forces special powers act; its dilution or lifting it from some parts of the state.

Kashmir Issue is a disease which we adapted from very begging of our independence and in spite of so much of cure the disease has not yet vanished. Till the time this dispute has begun it has till now taken lives of more than 80 to 90 thousand lives of innocent populace.
I have listened to number of debates on this issue many state that this agitation is not for governance problems and administration but it is the result of erroneous behavior towards the youth of J&K. This turbulence is not at its peek. They on this point only pressurize government to exclude army interference in Kashmir. When the unemployment expel automatically the turmoil stop.


From my point of view, government should not day dream that automatically t
he crusade will disappear and everything will be in order. We all know that whether it is UPA government or NDA government in the past have treated Kasmiri's awfully. Time to time because of their political quandary and so that kasmiri's are happy both the alliances have constructed the situation so fallacious that now the ball is out of the court. Major amount of fund is available for the commoner of Kashmir in the union budget but if that money has not reached to the populace then question should be asked to the politicians and administrators of the state.


When questions are been raised on the Pakistan's involvement in the dispute. I am not at all in a doubt that it is included in some or the other way. Few days ago as we saw Pakistan and china's army drilling in POK area Pakistan is definitely involved in this so called agitation. In result of this only China have now started to call Kashmir as a impenetrable land.





Tomorrow when one journalist in a press conference asked Rahul Gandhi's interference he politely answered that Omar is taking right steps and i will not solve every issue of the country. From this articulation we can claim that central government definite that it will not take any big risk to stop this clash. It was also audible after the meeting of Mufti Mohammad Saed with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi. But in his statement Rahul Gandhi also stated that Kashmir is arduous part to administrate so we should give time and support to Omar. I can only hope that this violence is fenced as early as possible. And government should not buckle under.

IS SINGH REALLY KING

NEWSWEEK has selected Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as one of the top ten world leader’s. In INDIA according to a poll shows that only 1% of the people polled thought that he was best suited to be a P.M. His rating’s are below even that of controversial politician’s like Narendra Modi & Mayawati. His popularity abroad is completely opposite here in our country.

We as an Indian’s , should feel proud that P.M Manmohan Singh has been included with a despot like King Abdullah of Saudi, scandal prone Nicholas Sarkozy, or a new P.M of Britain David Cameron. The only leader which is a popular is President Lula da Silva of Brazil. We should not forget how former U.S president Jorge W Bush , was told by Manmohan Singh that Indian’s loved him at a time when his rating at home were touching bottom line. So now I can undoubtedly say that there is no direct relation between a leader’s popularity abroad and at home. Such list should be taken seriously.

The reason’s why NEWSWEEK choose to put the Indian P.M on it’s list of top leader’s is obvious enough. The Economic growth story of India as NEWSWEEK puts it “from stagnant socialism to capitalism”. In the recent published book of Raghav Bhel-“SUPER POWER” it has been showed that India and China are the two competitors for the throne of Super Power. In abroad Manmohan Singh is also looked upon because of perception that he is pro west and pro American. P.M also knows that the door’s of the throne of Super Power passes through Washington D.C.

One of the plus in the list of P.M Manmohan Singh is his technocratic qualification’s which are not there in most of the World leaders. As we all know that he has been an Economist, so a time when world is barely recovering from a recession, he can suggest right way to back on the path of growth. There is not at all a doubt that in his tenure till date India has done what was expected of it by America. He has ensured that our polices does not reflect America in spite of terrorist attack’s from our neighbors. He is therefore an ideal candidate to be in NEWSWEEK list.

I am unable to access why P.M Manmohan Singh is not popular at home. The only thing I can state that people have become indifferent to him and his P.M tenure. There is no emotional connection between him and people of India. Political leadership in India has traditionally a strong emotional connection that is the main reason why certain Nehru, Gandhi’s are so emotionally connect with every people of our country. In India, when people generally go for voting they vote on criteria can be defined as ‘emotional connection theory’.

Manmohan singh’s Independence Day speech from the red fort conformed the suspicion that he has developed non of the electrifying qualification of leadership. He showed no emotion’s, displayed no convictions and offered no solutions.


He seems not to think like an ordinary citizen and appears indifferent and aloof from the Indian reality. He was not bothered about price rise and food inflation. He tolerated corruption charges including some within his own government. His Kashmir policy is a compel disappointment. He seems confused about how to tackle the Maoist insurgency. His economic agenda caters to a urban minority who live in islands of plenty surrounded by the sea of poverty.


Excluding Kashmir issue and relation with Pakistan, he has initiated nothing that has gone terribly wrong. Daily in Parliament question’s has been raised about the performance of United Progressive Alliance Government, but none about Manmohan Singh. No major national crisis has erupted in the last half decade when we need a popular leader. But as of now, Kashmir seems to be going on slippery slope and moist terror is increasing day by day. Manmohan singh after half decade we can say that was the right choice to Sonia Gandhi.

The international countries only sees his progress not his popularity at his place. So in last I can undoubtedly say that Singh is definitely a King.

The Corruption Games

The 19th Commonwealth Games {CWG}can be undoubtedly termed as most corrupt games ever. From treadmill to the tissue roll, these are charges of corruption of everyone involved in games from top to bottom. Calling these games Corruption games or Crying Games will not be incorrect.

The best we can do as a citizen of INDIA for this festive-fortnight mostly, is a test event for Indian Olympic Administration and specially Mr. Suresh Kalmadi. There are allegations of massive corruption in the construction of DDA flats, MCD road projects, the Cannaught Place beautification project, Commonwealth Games Village and most recent Sponsorship programme seeing the present trend India is appearing not much different from a Banana Republic. The lack of accountability in the system and lack of action taken makes us ashamed as an Indian.

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh was selected in the top ten world leaders by NEWSWEEK but what’s the point of having an honest P.M if he is powerless to stop Corruption. The charge of corruption is on the officials of every grade. Corruption is now being accepted as way of life in India bit its not about taking a gas connection or water supply for our own household. It’s about nation’s pride. We generally come across articles and speeches where we compare ourselves with China. But if we look at Olympics in China everyone was talking about great design, infrastructure, world class facilities, English conversing volunteers, what a show it was.

Nobody talking about the wisdom to host the games at such a mammoth public expenditure, there is no point hosting the games when India with just 3-4 medals in Olympics is yet to be reckoned as a potent sporting power. The politicians and the bureaucrats choose to host this event and during the preparations will fully delayed things so that they can make big Corruptions money by awarding distressed contracts and accepting sub-standard work at the 11’th hour. Now it’s seems that the situation has gone out of hand so some extent with the 28000 thousand crores spent on CWG, there could have been very useful infrastructure built, even for impound for sports and Indian sport’s man winning at any international event’s could have made us much more proud than the news of massive corruption.

Just compare this to the 1982 Asian’s games. In just 20 months,5 new brand new sport’s complexes and state of the art staid were erected apart from the renovation and expansion of 12 existing others. Forty-nine agencies were involved, yet work happened since there was accountability fixed Buta Singh under the guidance of Rajiv Gandhi. Seeing present scenario India has learned nothing from past experiences.

These games of corruption can also be said as MHAHABHARATA of corruption. But where are Krishna and Arjuna who will take thev responsibility in cleansing the system who will save our country from comp[arision to the banana republic .Nobody can escape from his/her responsibility whether it’s shila,kalmadi,sonia,manmohan or any one. If the 2010 CWG can give us legacy let it be to have Indian sport’s finally focus on it’s champs not its chumps.

French Open need to leave Rolland Garros?

In the next few years the French Open may be forced to leave its iconic city center location of Roland Garros, in favor of an out of town setting which would allow it to expand like its grand slam counterparts already have. But is abandoning the bright lights of Paris really a good move for the French? And how will the alternative venues measure up?

Ever since the French Open began in 1928 it has been held on the red clay courts of Roland Garros, in the city’s chic sixteenth arrondissement.

As French as Wimbledon is English, Roland Garros, which is named after a French airline pilot and World War One hero, has become synonymous with tennis. And consequently, the French are far from impressed at proposals for a move from their prestigious home to the city’s less than glamorous suburbs.

But with only a small area of land to play with, half that of Wimbledon’s South West London location, the French Open has outgrown itself, hemmed in by the vast Bois de Boulogne park on one side and avenues of expensive homes on the other.

It would certainly be a great shame to leave the history of the venue and Paris behind but organizers are under considerable pressure to do so after it was reported that reigning champion and world number one Roger Federer gave a list of his complaints about Roland Garros' facilities to tournament director Gilbert Ysern.

Federer was not advocating a move out of the city but his opinions will have further convinced those who believe it is necessary. And as hopes to improve the existing venue were stalled by protests from environmentalists and local residents, who amongst other things objected to the construction of a roof over the Phillipe Chatrier court, organizers seem to be running out of options.

Earlier in the year Ysern told the media that leaving Paris would be “heartbreaking,” but something that he knew had to be considered for the future of the tournament. And it seems that future could lie in one of four locations, all situated at least 15km outside of Paris – not quite as attractive to players or traveling fans.

To the north there is the nondescript town of Gonesse, a 16.5 km train or car journey from Paris and close to Charles de Gaulle airport, which can claim very little to its name except for being the sight of a Concorde crash in the year 2000.

Then there is the equally uninspiring 1960’s town of Evry, 25km to the south of the city and close to the other international airport in Paris, Orly.

Perhaps slightly better known is Marne-la-Vallée in the west, but this is already the home of the ever-expanding Disneyland and is still around an hour from the center of Paris.

The final contender, and certainly the preferred new location as far as Ysern is concerned, is Versailles. The former French capital is the home of the spectacular palace that was once the residence of the country’s kings and queens.

So despite still being outside the city walls, it boasts a slightly more imaginative and iconic setting than any of the other options, and if the tournament had to move Versailles is the front runner.

Nevertheless, none of the suggestions are quite as alluring as the established Roland Garros complex, just a stone's throw from the city and all the sights it has to offer.

A decision on the future of Roland Garros will be taken by the French tennis authorities at the beginning of 2011, and any move is expected to take up to five years to complete. Perhaps they are hoping this will give the tennis world time to get used to the idea.

Prateek Pathak

Student

b.A in Media Studies

University of Allahabad

Hang Kasab Quikly

When Judge announced punishment for AJMAL AMIR KASAB the country celebrated the judgment.Most important point Judge pointed is that if AJMAL AMIR KASAB did not get the death as early as possible as a punishment announced then incident like KANDAHAR HIJACKING can be repeated. It has taken 18 months for the court to announce death penalty for KASAB.On the other hand some 13 years were taken fot the judgment of 1993 MUMBAI BOMB ATTACKS. AJMAL AMIR KASAB judgment thankfully did not take long time in-spite of 312 cases,11,000 pages long chart sheet and also hundred of testimony in the court by the eye witnesses who were badly affected by this incident.

But seeing all this on one hand we all INDIANS are very happy with the judgment but on the other hand we have many faults or negative aspects in our legal system. It can take years according to our legal system to punish AJMAL AMIR KASAB.First of all High Court and then Supreme Court has to declare the judgment. Only and only if AJMAL AMIR KASAB appeal to these bigger courts. Then lastly he can apply for Mercy Petition to the PRESIDENT of our country. So overall I can undoubtedly say one thing that it will take years to finally punish AJMAL AMIR KASAB.Judge Tehelyani was pointing on this point only in the judgments.So minimum it will at least take five years legally to punish AJMAL AMIR KASAB.If god willingly we say that Lower Court evidence were very complete and right and it will not take much time for High Court and Supreme Court to announce same death penalty judgment as already announced by the Lower Court then also he has last option like every other criminal to appeal for Mercy Petition. We all Indians can’t do anything in this as our legal system is like this only.

And if we see some last cases which were lastly appealed for the Mercy Petition taken many years. As we saw it in 13,DEC,2001 Parliament attack case. Lower Court announced death penalty for Afzal Guru[the man convicted in that case] on 18,DEC,2002.Then Delhi High Court announced same death penalty judgment in 2003.And Supreme Court also announced same judgment on 4,aug,2005 but on the last movement Afzal’s wife lastly appealed for the Mercy Petition from that particular day till now so many years have e passed but this appeal is still not look into just because there are many Mercy Petition appeal cases waiting on President’s table. Like this case only Ex Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi murderers have also lastly appealed for the Mercy Petition this case is also waiting on President’s table till now. We all Indians are living with terrorist attacks.Police,army and other security agencies are day and day fighting against terrorist .Courts are also announcing judgment against terrorist daily. But because of our legal system terrorist are alive just because of Mercy Petition is pending for many years. I am not at all criticizing our country legal system but after seeing all these type of cases what else I can do?

Terrorist attacks are moreover different from other criminal cases of our country. In terrorist attacks as all we know is conspiracy against a nation not against some individual as in other criminal cases of our country. Terrorist attacks completely destroy our society. So we can never term criminal cases and terrorist attacks on one platform. We can take some lessons from the United States Of America. In 2006 America provided his army right to punish terrorist attackers and conspirators according to Military attack. So now American army court has right to punish terrorists. American President at that time announced that they are providing this right just because terrorist attacks are attack on country not on any individual’s now from 2006 according to this Act terrorist cases are run only in Military Court. From my point of view we should also provide our military court right to run terrorist cases. And after that terrorist can also challenge this only in Supreme Court so that judgment can be announced in short span of time.

The next problem we have is Mercy Petition right to the criminals. Using this appeal for terrorist, it is simply against the main point of this appeal .This Mercy Petition was taken in our legal system so that President and Governors of the state can forgive appeal-er if he/she has realized that he/she has done crime in bad circumstances and he she has also realized that he/she has done wrong.But this system of appeal should not be given to the terrorist like AJMAL AMIR KASAB who have been photographed laughing after killing innocent people on C.S.T railway station Mumbai and Kama Hospital Mumbai.Terrorist like AJMAL KASAB can use this right of Mercy Petition to escape from punishment. So the time has arrived when we should do correction in our legal system.

One more very important point which is linked to this only is the waiting of Mercy Petition cases files on President’s table. The cases in which appeal were done some 15 years ago are till now not look into by the president. In Triveni B v/s Gujarat Government case Supreme Court said that so much delay in the judgment of Mercy Petition cases is simply violating the right of the criminals and the petitioner.It is in other words, violation of life right of the criminals. Seeing all these instances only on a petition filed in 2007 petitioner demanded that time limit should be set for the seeing of the appeal for Mercy Petition by the president of our country. Now criminals are using this last appeal on negative prospect.Ex /president K.R.Narayana did not announced any judgment on Mercy Petition throughout his time as the President And also Ex president A.P.J.ABDUL KALAM announced only one case judgment on Mercy Petition that was Dhananjey Chatterjee Case. From that day till now no case on Mercy Petition had been seen.

Legal system exist in our country only so that judgment can be done as early as possible. Terrorist Cases should be judged as early as possible.

JYOTI BASU :Last diamond of communist

Communist Jyoti basu is no more there with us.In his last days of his life he suprised all of us.How?The answer is in the age of 95,he fighted with his life for fifteen days long.This was the type of personality of BASU that he showed whole of his life.He was nodoubt a fighter.When all of us realizes that there is nothing new left,then suddenly this brilliant fighter for whole of his life comes with that new.













In 1996 Central elections when we defeated parties which were in favour of Babari Mosque demolition like Bhartiya Janata Party.And parties like Indian National Congress which oppenly supported open objectives for our country.Then this fighter that is JYOTI BASU was the king maker who joined all the parties to form a coalition to keep Bhartiya Janata Party out.Even Indian National Congress also supported to keep Bhartiya Janata Party out of power.And this fighter even on all parties suggestion to think that he should be the King of this government or not.It was normal that a man who has rules West Bengal as a Chief Minister for almost twenty years at that point of time agreed to think that he can be the Prime Minister since he was a great administrator.But the irony is he rejected the Prime Minister post because his party's parliamentary board rejected it and agreed to support the coalition from outside.So JYOTI BASU without any problem accepted the party's parliamentary board decision.This was the historic example of type of personality that JYOTI BASU had trough out his life.Later on after some years he defines this decision as 'HISTORIC MISTAKE'.










To define this decision as 'HISTORIC MISTAKE' was a great example that a man who was wholly communist in public defined this decision strongly i.e to reject prime minster post as 'HISTORIC MISTAKE' .Basu undoubtedly knows that history will decide that this decision was 'HISTORIC MISTAKE' or not.Now after so many years i can say that he was completly right that was 'HISTORIC MISTAKE' .After some four - five years from that decision he once again showed a historic example that he was not hungry of power.He showed this by giving his chief minster of West Bengal post to Budddev Bhattacharya who is currently chief minster of West Bengal .From this he once again showed that he was not power hungry.And he therefore retired from active politics.The time when he left chief minster of West Bengal post he was completely fit and fine.This was the type of personality that JYOTI BASU had.He showed that a country like India where people are hungry for power and anybody whosoever never retires when he / she is fit and fine.He completely showed that he is a communist who is not hungry for any type of power.He was some what different from the from the trend of personality that all people had.If would have been of his place i would never have rejected any post.On November 2000 when he retired he has already ruled for almost 24 years.Which was a record till date.Later on when he given his tribute after death of Communist Harkisan Singh Surjeet who was his college he said in a press conference that to retire from Chief Minister post , he has thought to take this decision some two-three years back but he mainly made it a point and made the decision after two-three years after consulting it from his college Surjeet and other senior communist leaders.He also told that to execute this thought into a decision was very tough since he has to make sure to the people of West Bengal that there new leader is capable to do justice that he has done till twenty four years long.To make Budddev Bhattacharya Vice Chief Minster was one of the point of his plan to execute decison to retire from active politics.










After his decision to retire from active politics when in a press conference media asked him that he looks completely fine then why has he left chief minster of West Bengal post?But he did not liked this question and in a angry manner he answered completly opposite to his personality that he has some problem in his stomach.This reply was opposite to his personality since trough out his life he was a great fighter.Just before going to the hospital he was mentally fit and fine.And till his death he was member of parliamentary board of his party.In 2006 west Bengal state elections he campaigned for his party and from his magic again made sure that his party retains in power.












He was a politician whom we can define as a leader who understand people's heart.He was not like today's leader whom we can say as air conditioned politicians.He was undoubtedly undefeated through out his life.He was the best communist leader of not only in India but whole world.He was chief minister of bengal for twenty four years which is an unbreakable record.The was among the leaders who showed that we have more options other than congress and also was leading leader to start coalition politics in our country.These are some of the political qualities of JYOTI BASU that showed a perfect example that he was a great administrator and politician.


















After independence of our country JYOTI BASU was one of the Communist leader of our country who fought to develop communist thinking in our country.He fought with the Indian national congress which was the only national party at that point of time.He made sure that the voters of our country has more options to choose to govern our country other than Indian national congress.He also made sure till date that congress would not able to rule west Bengal again.Till date due to his hard work and efforts his party is still ruling in West Bengal.He was undoubtedly a great leader that our country has produced till now.
























Dealth of Jyoti Basu has end one era of our Indian politics.This was an era for our country when we have political leaders who have fought for our country's independence.The leaders from this era always thought for the good of the common people of our country.However Jyoti Basu was 95 years of age when he died he was in last phase of his life.But now when we see our country's politics and so called air conditioned leaders we will definitely miss leaders like JYOTI BASU.Lastly i can say that Jyoti Basu was not only the LAST DIAMOND of communist in India but he was definitely LAST DIAMOND of communist around the world.

Prateek Pathak

Student

b.A in Media Studies

University of Allahabad

WHY THACKERAY FAMILY IS ANGRY FROM HINDI ?

Why i am talking about constitution and democracy?Then i thought if every one is discussing,why shouldn't i ?I am not doing any crime ?When there is no importance of any language then the words are also not important.Language doesn't creates Science & Technology but it definitely created literature,history and social science.Constitution is also there in a language.Constitution says all languages are equal.English & Hindi are official languages.So we can say that one language which is our own and the other which is a foreign language and we have inherit it from the Britishers are sailing in the same boat.English & Hindi are the languages through which we fought for our independence.



But through one political strategy Hindi was made as the only official language or 'THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE' of our country.So from this political step Hindi became enemy of the other languages of our country.This was the perfect Political strategy to divide other languages.So due to this step we saw a bad reaction on 9 November 2009 in Maharashtra State Assembly.This reaction was respect to our Constitution or to state assembly or to the common public that only politicians can explain.This cannot be explained by priests of different community or by the common people who have elected these so called politicians to the legislative assembly.
In Maharashtra Assembly we saw not only in three but oath was taken in four languages.In Marathi,Sanskrit,Hindi & English.Pledge was to be taken in Marathi language only not just because it is the state and working language of maharastra but also of the Order of the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Chief Raj Thackeray.Raj Thackeray has ordered that if members will not take oath in marathi then they would be punished.My Question is who is Raj Thackeray,to give orders against the constitition to the members of the legislative assembly.If u have requested thn that is all right.It is against our law that the person who is not a mamber of the state assembly is giving orders to the members of the assembly.Our constitution give right to the members of the assembly to take oath in any of the different assembly mentioned in the constituttion of our assembly.THE NEW HITLER OF MAHARASHTRA was doing many activities in a week against our Constitution,but the government was helpless.The congress govenment of maharastra did not take any action against THE NEW HITLER OF MAHARASHTRA.
Why THACKERAY FAMILY is angry from hindi?Raj Thackeray has shown his angers not only to Hindi but also to the people who speaks Hindi.?He dont understand that Marathi language has adapted Devanagari Lippi.It was done just so that Hindi & Marathi speaking people can sail on same boat.In fact Hindi was supported by Gandhi,Tilak,Swami Dayanand & Parakar also.Then why his angers are that much that his party members can even beat Abu Azmi?



Our country respect Human Beings.Not only Maharashtians but North Indian also.From all over our country students come to north india for higher education.It implies to Medical higher education also.Infact non of them have ever raised any language issue and nor of any state or region wise issue.I think Thackeray Family dosent know it?But if in any case they know it they dont want to understand.They are directly or indirectly dividing our country.Politicians are spreading fire in our country.Just because trough that fire only they can cook thier food.Now i think that politcians are more selfish then also to the till date most selfish Indra.Please Pardon me but Mohammad Ali Jinnah also showed this type of angers against language.Infact ?Jinnah also asked the people of eastern pakistan to speak only urdu.He at that time 'Bangla-Vangla kuch nahi,Urdu sab kuch' which means that people you should speak only Urdu leave the Bangla.Raj Thackeray is also moving on the same desety road.We can say that MNS has indirectly thrown fire,whosoever will support him will injurd himself in the fire.
They have forgotten that when peshwa were thrown out from Pune by the East India Company,North Indians only helped to maintain there dignity.Peshwa were supported only by North Indians.Till now also we have the proof of that masical in the bethur.They have also forgotten that Tatya Tope,Nana Rao where more North indians then the Mrathi's.They speak Marathi & Hindi both.Now also Maharashtians who lives in north India speaks Hindi & Marathi both. Nobody orders them to speak only Hindi in north India states.



Infact Bal Thackeray in his daily newspaper 'Samna' wrote that Abu Azmi has done a crime.?Directly or indirectly he supported Raj Thackeray.This is really very very bad.This undoubtadly shows that Blood is more dark than water.Brother's -son and language is bigger than the constitution of our country.?It is really strange that such a senior politician dose not said anything against the people who taken the oath in English.Leave Bal Thackeray,where where BJP and RSS.What happened to them?Why where they silent.This can be termed as MURDER OF OUR NATIONAL LANGUAGE.When some Mulana of Muslim community passed the Fatwa against 'VANDE MATRAM' they all were responding against that,but when our language was murdered where were they.Why they did not react.


Language is not real or unreal.Nobody can ever stop any language.Thackeray Family languages react more than the human beings of any state.Once in the /British Parliament there was an order that whosoever will speak English instead of French will loose his/her life.But here the ?Big Question is that did they succeed in doing any harm to English?Languages make their way of its own and remove all the barriers in their way itself.Hindi our National Language is doing the same.It is Moving with the respect to the other sister Languages.

WHY INDIAN POLITICS IS SO DIRTY

One great man has rightly said that 'Indian Politics is Bad'.I completly support this view.This is completely right that our country's politics is very very dirty.But the big question is why? Our country politics is bad and dirty just because of politicians like kalyan singh of Uttar Pradesh.Talking about this man who is former chief minister of the the biggest state of India.Yes Uttar Pradesh is the biggest state of India.The state which has produced most number of Prime Minister's of our country.But the irony is in today's time the state is still bigger but now we don't know Uttar Pradesh as the biggest state of our country but we know it as the state which produces the worst politicians of our country. And i can undoubtedly say that kalyan Singh is one of them.He was the chief minister of uttar pradesh at the time when barbari mosque was lifted.At that time he was in Bharatiya Janta Party.I as a Hindu never feel good that the mosque is no more in Ayodhya where ram mandir was there years back.Infact i felt very bad when this incident take place. I am saying Kalyan Singh as the dirty politician who makes our country's politics dirty because he is really dirty. Talking about his kind of politics.He was firstly inBharatiya Janta Party.Infact he was there Chief Minister also.But when he quit the party in 1999 he stated barbari masacal wrong infact he even said that Mr Vajpaye dosen't wanted him to stay in party.He even said many bad words to many of the senior leaders of Bharatiya Janta Party. But after some years when he rejoin the party he praised those leaders whom he has said bad words.In fact he even now stated that destroying barbari was correct.Then in febrary 2009 when he again quit the Bharatiya Janta Party he as we saw earlier again stated Bharatiya Janta Party as the worst party and even said that he will never return to the party.




And after quitting he was independent but his son join samajvadi party and even got a big post.And he was indirectly in samajvadi party only as he was present in each and every programme of S.P. Recently on 14 November 2009 he again showed his dirty as poltics as his son quit the samajvadi party and he now stated samajvadi party as the worst party and even stated Mulyan singh as his enemy.And the big thing is that he is now praising RSS and even saying that Bharatiya Janta Party is a good party.This is because now he has to return to Bharatiya Janta Party.Because he now don't have other options. Overall i want to say that we should try to vote and follow the leaders who are good politicians and don't do dirty politics.

Safin prolongs career with Paris victory

Marat Safin's career continues for at least one more match after his opening round victory in Paris.

Marat Safin avoided the ignominy of heading into retirement with a first-round defeat in the Paris Masters -- after seeing off Thierry Ascione in a third-set tie-break.

Former world number one Safin, playing his final tournament before calling time on his playing career, held his nerve to progress to the second round with a 6-4 4-6 7-6 victory over the Frenchman, saving three match points in the process.

The 29-year-old two-time grand slam winner, and three-time tournament winner, will now have to defeat sixth-seedd U.S. Open champion Juan Martin del Potro if he is to progress further.

Elsewhere, Ivo Karlovic cruised into the second round after seeing off the challenge of Uruguay's Pablo Cuevas.

The giant Croatian was typically dominant on serve with Cuevas failing to gain a single break point. Karlovic took the first set on a tie-break before completing a 7-6 6-4 triumph to set up a meeting with Swedish ninth seed Robin Soderling.

There was disappointment for the home crowd in Bercy as Frenchman Paul-Henri Mathieu was forced to retire from his match against Viktor Troicki when 7-6 3-0 down.

Italian Andreas Seppi proved too strong for Phillip Kohlschreiber, winning 6-3 6-3, while 2005 winner Tomas Berdych edged out qualifier Vincent Millot 6-3 7-6.

The top eight seeds will join the tournament on Tuesday after being handed opening round byes.